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Ministry of Science and ICT R&D Policy Bureau Director General Kim Seong-soo stated, "This achievement is a meaningful result that will enhance industrial competitiveness by simultaneously reducing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the refining process. We will spare no support to ensure that basic research leads to achievements that citizens can genuinely feel." The Ministry of Science and ICT announced that a research team led by Professor Koh Dong-yeon of the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology successfully filtered crude oil precisely at room temperature using only low-cost polymer membranes without boiling it. Conducted under the ministry's individual basic research and leading research center support projects, this research milestone was published in 'Nature,' the world's most prestigious international academic journal, on June 25 at midnight (local time).

While recent fluctuations in oil prices driven by international geopolitical shifts emerge as a core factor threatening consumer prices, a high-energy-consuming refining process that has boiled crude oil above 350¡ÆC for the past century lies at the base. Globally, oil refineries rely on this boiling-and-cooling distillation method, consuming a massive 1,100 TWh of energy annually, and the greenhouse gas emissions from the domestic refining and petrochemical industries have also occupied a significant portion of the national total. Academic circles have long focused on membrane research to filter crude oil without boiling, but prevailing wisdom dictated that a 'selective layer' much thinner than a hair must be coated on the membrane surface for molecular-level ultra-precise separation, which raised manufacturing costs and caused coating defects when scaled up.

The research team completely overturned this convention and attempted a radical approach by passing crude oil through an uncoated, inexpensive porous polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane. They discovered that heavy oil components within the crude oil spontaneously adhered to the microscopic pores inside the membrane, creating precise micro-channels under 2 nanometers. While the adhesion of oil components was conventionally rejected as 'fouling' that degrades performance, the team reversed this phenomenon into a tool for shaping separation pathways. This method recorded a separation speed 23 times faster than previously reported top-tier crude oil membranes and demonstrated outstanding stability without performance degradation even during continuous operation for 28 days.

The greatest industrial appeal of this technology is its immediate applicability to existing refinery piping systems as an added filter module without massive facility replacement costs. Passing crude oil through this membrane to isolate naphtha and gasoline first can reduce energy by 31.6%, carbon dioxide emissions by 37.6%, and operating costs by 36% compared to conventional distillation. Expanding this across the domestic refining industry could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 10 million tons annually, equivalent to the carbon emitted by 4 million passenger cars over a year, indicating that a robust structural support system must be prioritized to secure cost competitiveness and realize carbon neutrality for the domestic petrochemical sector.
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