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PISA 2025: Korean Students Maintain Strong Performance, Show High Digital Problem-Solving Skills
Korean students score above the OECD average in science, reading and mathematics
Korean students maintained a high level of achievement in science, reading and mathematics in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2025. The results also highlighted strong digital problem-solving skills, demonstrating Korean students¡¯ competitiveness in an increasingly digital learning environment.
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) officially released the PISA 2025 results on September 8. PISA is an international comparative study that assesses the achievement and trends of 15-year-old students in science, reading and mathematics literacy. Approximately 760,000 students from 91 countries participated in the 2025 assessment, including 6,859 Korean students from 196 schools.
Korean students recorded average scores of 526 in science, 501 in reading and 522 in mathematics, all above the OECD averages. Among the 38 OECD member countries, Korea ranked between 1st and 3rd in science, 1st and 9th in reading, and 1st and 2nd in mathematics. Among all 91 participating countries, Korea ranked between 5th and 7th in science, 3rd and 13th in reading, and 5th and 7th in mathematics.
Korean students also performed strongly in the innovative domain introduced in PISA 2025, ¡°Learning in the Digital World.¡± Their average score in computational problem-solving was 538, considerably higher than the OECD average of 500. Korea ranked between 2nd and 5th among OECD member countries and between 6th and 10th among 85 participating countries.
At the same time, the results point to challenges that need continued attention. Compared with PISA 2022, Korea¡¯s average scores in science, reading and mathematics all declined. Across OECD countries, the proportion of students at the highest achievement levels decreased, while the proportion at the lowest achievement levels increased.
In Korea, science and reading showed trends similar to those across OECD countries, with decreases in the proportion of high-performing students and increases among lower-performing students. In mathematics, however, both the high- and low-achievement groups increased, highlighting the need for continued attention to differences in student achievement.
Gender differences were also observed. Korean girls achieved higher average scores than boys in science and reading, while boys scored higher than girls in mathematics. In reading, boys scored 487 compared with 515 for girls, a 28-point difference. In mathematics, boys scored 528 compared with 517 for girls, an 11-point difference.
The results also showed relatively strong levels of educational equity and inclusion. Korea¡¯s Economic, Social and Cultural Status (ESCS) index was 0.17, compared with the OECD average of 0.01. The proportion of differences in science achievement explained by students¡¯ socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds was approximately 7.7%, lower than the OECD average of 11.6%. Compared with PISA 2022, the proportion of achievement differences explained by socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds decreased across all domains.
The PISA 2025 results therefore present both strengths and challenges for Korean education. While Korean students continue to demonstrate internationally competitive academic achievement, strengthening foundational literacy and numeracy and supporting students with lower achievement remain important priorities.
The Ministry of Education plans to expand reading education linked to classroom instruction, as well as classroom cultures centered on questions and discussion. It also plans to continue supporting science and mathematics education focused on foundational literacy, inquiry and problem-solving.
Ultimately, the significance of PISA 2025 goes beyond international rankings. The results highlight the importance of maintaining strong academic achievement while ensuring that every student develops solid foundational skills, problem-solving abilities and the capacity to learn and make informed decisions in a rapidly changing digital society.
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